Types of Solar Panels in India (2026 Guide): Efficiency, Cost & Best Use

India is one of the fastest-growing solar energy markets in the world. With rising electricity costs, government subsidies, and increasing awareness about renewable energy, more homeowners and businesses are investing in solar power.

However, before installing a solar system, it is important to understand the types of solar panels in India, their efficiency, cost, and suitability for different applications.

This detailed guide explains all major and advanced solar panel technologies used in India, compares them clearly, and helps you choose the best solar panel for your home, commercial building, or industrial project.

What Is a Solar Panel and How Does It Work?

A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells are usually made from silicon. When sunlight falls on the cells, it excites electrons and generates direct current (DC) electricity.

An inverter then converts this DC electricity into alternating current (AC), which is used to run household and commercial appliances.

In India, solar panels are widely used for:

• Residential rooftop solar systems
• Commercial buildings and offices
• Industrial units and warehouses
• Utility-scale solar power plants

Solar panels are preferred because they reduce electricity bills, provide long-term savings, and support a cleaner environment.

Major Types of Solar Panels Used in India

Solar panels are mainly classified based on the technology used to manufacture their cells. Below are the most common types available in the Indian market.

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Monocrystalline solar panels are made from a single, pure silicon crystal. They are easily identified by their dark black color and uniform appearance.

Key characteristics:

• High efficiency ranging from 18% to 22%
• Require less installation space
• Perform well in low-light conditions
• Long lifespan of 25 years or more

Advantages:

• Higher power output per square meter
• Better performance in hot climates compared to older technologies

Best for: Residential rooftops and projects with limited roof space.

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Polycrystalline solar panels are made from multiple silicon crystals melted together. They usually have a bluish appearance and are more affordable.

Key characteristics:

• Efficiency between 15% and 17%
• Lower manufacturing cost
• Slightly lower performance in high temperatures

Advantages:

• Cost-effective solution
• Widely available in India

Best for: Large rooftops and budget-conscious solar projects.

Thin-Film Solar Panels

Thin-film solar panels are manufactured by depositing thin layers of photovoltaic material onto glass, metal, or plastic surfaces. These panels are lightweight and flexible.

Key characteristics:

• Efficiency between 10% and 12%
• Lightweight and flexible design
• Better performance in very high temperatures

Advantages:

• Can be installed on curved or unconventional surfaces
• Lower manufacturing cost

Best for: Industrial applications, large open areas, and specialized installations.

Advanced Solar Panel Technologies in India (2025–2026)

PERC Solar Panels (Mono-PERC Technology)

PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) technology improves standard monocrystalline panels by adding a reflective layer on the rear side of the cell.

• Efficiency between 19% and 23%
• Better low-light and high-temperature performance
• Lower energy loss

Why PERC is popular in India: India’s hot climate makes PERC panels a preferred choice for residential and commercial installations.

Bifacial Solar Panels

Bifacial solar panels generate electricity from both the front and rear sides by capturing reflected sunlight from the surface below.

• 10% to 20% higher energy generation
• Glass-glass structure for durability
• Suitable for elevated and ground-mounted systems

Best for: Commercial rooftops, industrial sheds, and utility-scale solar projects.

TOPCon Solar Panels

TOPCon  (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) is a next-generation solar technology that offers very high efficiency and lower degradation.

• Efficiency of 23% to 25% or more
• Excellent performance in hot climates
• Very low annual degradation rate

Best for: Premium residential systems, commercial installations, and large solar power plants.

Other Emerging Solar Technologies

Technologies such as Heterojunction Technology (HJT), perovskite solar cells, and concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) are also under development. Their commercial adoption in India is currently limited.

Solar Panel Comparison: Efficiency, Cost & Lifespan

Solar Panel Type	Efficiency	Cost Range	Lifespan	Ideal Use
Monocrystalline	18%–22%	High	25+ years	Homes
Polycrystalline	15%–17%	Medium	20–25 years	Large rooftops
Thin-Film	10%–12%	Low	15–20 years	Industrial
PERC	19%–23%	Medium–High	25+ years	Home & commercial
Bifacial	18%–24%	High	25+ years	Commercial & utility
TOPCon	23%–25%+	Premium	25+ years	High-efficiency projects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which solar panel is best for Indian homes?

Monocrystalline and PERC solar panels are best for residential rooftops.

Are TOPCon panels worth the higher cost?

Yes, they offer higher efficiency and lower degradation, making them ideal for long-term projects.

How long do solar panels last in India?

Most quality solar panels last 25 years or more.

Which panels perform best in hot climates?

PERC, bifacial, and TOPCon panels perform better in high temperatures.

Final Thoughts

Understanding the types of solar panels in India helps you make a smart and future-proof investment. With advanced technologies like PERC and TOPCon, modern solar systems deliver higher efficiency, better durability, and improved performance in Indian conditions.

Get Expert Advice on Solar Panels in India

If you are planning to install a solar power system for your home or business, Insolation Energy can help you choose the right solar panel technology tailored to your needs.

Contact us today for expert consultation and customized solar solutions.